Packet over SONET/SDH

Packet over SONET/SDH, abbreviated POS, is a communications protocol for transmitting packets in the form of the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) over SDH or SONET, which are both standard protocols for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fibre at high line rates. POS is defined by RFC 2615 as PPP over SONET/SDH. PPP is the Point to Point Protocol that was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-to-point links. Since SONET/SDH utilises point-to-point circuits, PPP is well suited for use over these links. Scrambling is performed during insertion of the PPP packets into the SONET/SDH frame.

Applications of POS

The most important application of POS is to support sending of IP packets across Wide Area Networks. Large amounts of traffic on the Internet are carried over POS links.
POS is also one of the link layers used by the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring standard.

History of POS

Cisco was involved in making POS an important Wide Area Network protocol. PMC-Sierra produced an important series of early semiconductor devices which implemented POS.

Details about the name "POS"

POS is a double nested abbreviation as the S in POS stands for "SONET/SDH", which itself stands for "Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy".
Complementary Interfaces
The System Packet Interface series of standards from the Optical Internetworking Forum including SPI-4.2 and SPI-3 and their predecessors PL-4 and PL-3 are commonly used as the interface between packet processing devices and framer devices that implement POS. The acronym PL-4 means POS-PHY Layer 4.